Output

Output datasets can be grouped into categories according to the following image.

Such categories divide results info specific analysis goals. To avoid manual processings, raw results like schedules and prices are automatically processed to for example assessments or power-flow inputs. Besides the default results diverse optional outputs are available that can be activated optionally in the project configuration. Default and optional outputs are described in this section.

All output file names include a suffix for the procedure step (linear, mixed or reopt) that specifies the procedure step of the output. The full output file name can be for example exchange_linear.csv, exchange_mixed.csv or exchange_reopt.csv depending on the selected simulation run type.

Names of extensive output files (like unit-by-unit and hour-by-hour schedules) include an additional suffix for the only comprising bidding zone (for example de) to limit the file size and keep the possibility for direct usage in spreadsheet programs like Microsoft Excel and LibreOffice Calc. Files with bidding zones as suffixes are written out for all bidding zones separately. The full output file name of a schedule can be for example emissions_linear_de.csv, emissions_mixed_de.csv or emissions_reopt_de.csv.

The format of output files like column and decimal delimiters can be adjusted in the project configuration.

Output file overview

Maon writes out following general simulation results by default in the folder output:

Final output files for all bidding zones are written out in folder output and final per bidding zone output files in subfolder output/schedule. Interim output files per procedure step can be written out optionally in subfolder output/interim.

Further, solver optimization problem text files can be written out optionally with human-readable labeled decision variables in subfolder output/interim. Such can be used for subsequent manual optimization or numerical analysis. The reference dataset (read-out of used full input dataset) lies in subfolder output/reference. Integral and PSS/E input data interfaces for subsequent power-flow and redispatch simulations can be found in subfolder output/power_flow.

Besides the folders input and output the text file stdout.log is written-out in the root run folder. It includes the console text output of the market simulation for read-in, preprocessing, procedure steps, solver, postprocessing and read-out.

Availability

Following outage and revision drawing results are written out during preprocessing in the subfolder output/drawing:

Balances

For all bidding zones the following simulation time range aggregated results (balances) are written out in the subfolder output/balance:

Schedules

Maon writes out following hourly dispatch of components (schedules) for each bidding zone in the subfolder output/schedule:

Assessments

Maon writes out the following techno-economic assessments of components in the subfolder output/assessment:

Detailed reserves

If the optional detailed reserve module is activated in the project configuration, following output files including the reserve prices are written out additionally in the folder output:

Further, following files including the unit commitment schedules are written out additionally in subfolder output/schedule:

Optional

Maon optionally writes out the following files in different folders:

Optional output files need to be activated with the according configuration parameter in the project configuration.

Output taxonomy

In this section the taxonomy of every output file is explained. The taxonomy includes the definition for each single statement. Output files can be distinguished between multiple taxonomy types.

• Reference
• Time series
• Balances and assessments

The reference file taxonomy is equal to the input file taxonomy. Time series outputs like general or unit-by-unit files state the header in the first two rows from the top and the legend in the first two columns from the left. The header includes the unit, the hour time stamp and hour number. The legend includes the name of a single component or a component group. Balances and assessment files state the header in the first row describing the value and its unit.

Commitment per hour and zone

commitment_exchange_total.csv defines the total unit commitment per hour and bidding zone with the following schema:

The initial columns cover the total commitment of thermal, hydro and Demand-Side-Response components separately. Afterwards, the feed-in of each renewable energy source and the total inflexible load is displayed. The end comprises given and flexible im- and export sums as well as the dump energy and the energy not served. These output values are repeated for each bidding zone. Since all components are considered in the file based on the generator-reference-arrow system (also called active sign convention), the load equation can be seen for each bidding zone and hour. Thus, the sum of all values for each bidding zone and hour lies at zero.

Emissions per hour, fuel and zone

emission.csv defines the total emissions in ton CO2 per hour, fuel type and bidding zone with the following schema:

The emission sum is split into the fuel types of thermal power plants: nuclear, fossil fuels and other fuels.

Dump energy per hour and zone

energy_dumped.csv defines the dump energy per bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

Dump energy refers to the electricity generation that needs to be curtailed to keep the load covered, but not oversupplied. Dump energy is typically caused by excess electricity generation from renewable energy sources.

Energy not served per hour and zone

energy_unserved.csv defines the total energy not served per bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

Energy not served refers to the amount of energy demand, which is not supplied. Only via energy not served the total supply can meet the total demand in a given bidding zone and hour. Energy not served typically occurs due to insufficient electricity generation resources in the market. To cover the energy not served, available generation capacities need to be provided from components outside the defined market model.

Exchange per hour and zone pair

exchange.csv defines flexible endogenous bilateral commercial flows between bidding zones for each hour with the following schema:

The exemplary flow Al>GR represents the bilateral commercial flow (exchange) of electricity from the bidding zone AL to GR. Exchanges can be enabled via NTC, CNTC and FBMC capacities.

Fuel consumption per hour, fuel and zone

fuel_consumption_per_type.csv defines the total fuel consumption in GJ/h per primary energy type, bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

The fuel consumption refers to the heat consumption that is necessary to heat up a thermal power plant during starts and for electricity generation in operation.

Net position per hour and zone

net_position.csv defines the total net position for each bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

The total net position states the sum of all flexible and given commercial flows of a bidding zone. Exports are counted positively and imports negatively of a bidding zone. Positive total net positions state in total exporting bidding zones. Negative total net positions describe in total importing bidding zones. All types of commercial flows through NTC, CNTC and FBMC capacities are considered in the calculation of this net position. The net position for FBMC capacities alone can be looked up in the optional and separate file fbmc_net_position.csv.

Unavailable power per hour, type and zone

power_unavailable.csv defines the total non-available power per bidding zone, hour and non-availability type with the following schema:

The total unavailable power includes given revisions, outages and must-runs of thermal power plants, hydro power plants and batteries. It also considers the preprocessing drawing results for revisions and outages. It does not include components that are generating.

Spot price per hour and zone

price_spot.csv defines the electricity spot price per bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

The spot price is provided as a nominal price in the simulation year. Nominal prices are the future prices of the respective simulation year including inflation. In contrast, real prices are the future prices reflecting today’s price level without inflation. Nominal prices can be discounted to real prices based on an inflation rate (see real vs. nominal value).

The spot price equals the optimal dual variable of the respective load equation in the optimization. If necessary, it can be polished and processed with different methods in the postprocessing of the simulation procedure. The available methods ca be found in the project configuration.

Spot price setting unit per hour and zone

price_spot_setting_unit.csv defines the spot price setting component for each bidding zone and hour with the following schema:

The entries state the name of the most expensive component (based on work cost) in the price zone of the referred bidding zone. In a bidding zone always the same price applies for in there located market participants. A price zone is a single bidding zone or a group of bidding zones without interconnector capacity congestions so these bidding zones share the same spot price. If no component is set, there is no component running in this price zone.

Remaining generation capacity per hour, type and zone

remaining_generation_capacity.csv defines the remaining generation capacity per hour and bidding zone with the following schema:

The entries state the remaining generation capacity of thermal power plants, hydro power plants and batteries as well as the remaining import capacity that is secured by remaining generation capacity in other bidding zones. The values take current working points, outages, revisions and must-runs of thermal power plants into account. To avoid double counting, limiting reservoir filling levels including cascading effects are considered for hydro power plants and limiting state of charges of batteries. The stated remaining import capacity considers transits (cascading exchanges) and the remaining available generation power in the exporting bidding zone. The calculation of this values ensures that the remaining available power can be provided in the system to one requesting bidding zone and one hour. If the remaining available power is used in one zone and hour, the other stated values do not apply anymore.

Residual load per hour and zone

residual_load.csv defines the residual load per hour and bidding zone with the following schema:

Price-taking consumption (load) and inflexible generation by renewable energy sources (RES) do not respond to price signals. The price-inelastic load after RES feed-in is defined as the residual load. The residual load is calculated for every bidding zone separately by adding the price-inelastic load in 10_demands_spot.csv and 98_grid_external_exports.csv and subtracting the price-inelastic feed-in in 40_bioenergy_power_plants.csv, 89_thermal_cogeneration_plants.csv, 50_solar_power_plants.csv, 60_wind_onshore_power_plants.csv, 61_wind_offshore_power_plants.csv, 79_hydro_run_of_river_power_plants.csv and 99_grid_external_imports.csv.

This hourly residual load per bidding zone needs to be fulfilled by all flexible components like Demand-Side-Response, hydro power turbines and pumps, thermal power plants as well as imports and exports. If the residual load cannot be fulfilled, its deficit will result in energy not served and its excess in dump energy.

The cost for energy not served can be set in the project configuration via market_slack_cost_load_shedding and the cost for dump energy via market_slack_cost_dump_energy. The values define the penalty costs for violating the load equation in the respective direction.

Congestion rent per zone pair

social_welfare_congestion.csv defines the congestion rent for each pair of bidding zones with the following schema:

Congestion rents represent the sums over time for bilateral spot price spreads multiplied with the commercial flows. The congstion rent of a bilateral flow can be allocated to the two connected bidding zones equal-weighted or weghted on load or generation. The weightening can be set in the project configuration via the parameter postprocessing_social_welfare_congestion_distribution.

Social welfare per type and pair

social_welfare_total.csv defines the social welfare comprising the producer surplus, consumer surplus and congestion rent per bidding zone with the following schema:

The producer surplus equals the total revenues minus the total costs of all generators. The consumer surplus is based on the total electricity consumption and the price difference between the willingness to pay and the price. The willingness to pay can be specified in the project configuration. In reality the willingness to pay can be incalculable so that the consumer surplus should not be interpreted in absolute terms, but in difference amounts among scenarios.

Outage event statistics

drawing_statistic_outage.csv defines the outage drawing events of thermal power plants (units, events and statistics) with the following schema:

Outage events are specified via the component in outage, the adjusted power band due to the outage as well as the start and end time of the outage. Additionally, the outage duration in hours and the outage cluster contributions are provided to double-check the outage drawing method.

Revision event statistics

drawing_statistic_revision.csv defines the revision drawing events of thermal power plants (units, events and statistics) with the following schema:

Revision events are specified via the component in revision, the adjusted power band due to the revision as well as the start and end time of the revision. Additionally, the revision duration in hours and the revision cluster contributions are provided to double-check the revision drawing method.

83_thermal_mustruns_outages_revisions.csv defines outage and revision drawing events in input file format (units and power bands). The schema of this file can be looked up in the input file description for thermal power plants.

Cost each type and zone

cost_balance.csv defines the cost balance per bidding zone with the following schema:

The cost balance includes operational cost of thermal and hydro power plants, DSR consumers, exchanges and slack cost for energy not served or dumped. Additionally, costs for reserves not served are quantified.

Emission each type and zone

emission_balance.csv defines the emission balance per bidding zone and fuel type of thermal power plants with the following schema:

The emission balance includes emissions of thermal power plants based on their fuel consumption including emissions due to starts.

Energy each type and zone

energy_balance.csv defines the generation amounts per primary energy type and per bidding zone with the following schema:

The energy balance includes the generation and consumption amounts of all generators, consumers and exchanges in the generator-reference-arrow system (also called active sign convention). Since all components are included and the work equilibrium is always satisfied, the sum for each row (bidding zone) lies at zero.

Power each type and zone

power_balance.csv defines the installed capacity or maximum feed-in per primary energy type and per bidding zone with the following schema:

The power balance includes the generation and consumption capacities of all generators, consumers and exchanges in the generator-reference-arrow (also called active sign convention) system.

Slack cost each type and zone

slack_balance.csv quanfities the slack costs per slack type and per bidding zone with the following schema:

All slack cost can only be at zero or above with a positive value.

Fuel consumption each type and zone

fuel_balance.csv quantifies the fuel consumption per bidding zone and fuel type of thermal power plants with the following schema:

The fuel balance includes the fuel consumption of thermal power plants for electricity generation including fuel consumptions due to starts.

States of charge each hour and battery

battery_state_of_charge_linear_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the absolute state of charge of batteries with the following schema:

State of charges change in time due to discharging, charging and storage losses. The state of charge relates to the end time point within every hour. Through this definition the charging and discharging are taken into account in the respective interval.

Dispatch each hour and unit

commitment_exchange_price_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the unit commitment, exchanges and prices at the spot market with the following schema:

The file is separated into three row sections. The first row section states the unit commitment including the total import and export. The second section quantifies single exchanges for each border and direction. The last section comprises one row and reflects the spot price.

Unit commitment values are positive for generation and negative for consumption according to the generator-reference-arrow system (also called active sign convention). The first rows display the unit-wise commitment of thermal power plants. The order of the thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. Afterwards, flexible hydro turbines and pumps, batteries and demand shifters and non-shifters are shown. The last part of the first row section includes the feed-in from RES, the price-inelastic demand as well as flexible and inflexible exchanges. The sum for each hour lies at zero in the first row section (hourly work balance within bidding zone), since all generators and consumers are considered.

Emissions each hour and unit

emissions_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the total emissions per unit, hour and bidding zone with the following schema:

Emissions occur in thermal power plants due to the fuel consumption (fuel combustion and gas exhaust to the environment) for electricity generation during the operation and heating up in start procedures.

Fuel consumption each hour and unit

fuel_consumption_per_unit_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the fuel consumption in GJ/h per thermal power plant with the following schema:

Fuel consumption occurs in thermal power plants due to the fuel combustion for generation during the operation and heating up in start procedures.

Reservoir filling levels each hour and unit

hydro_reservoir_filling_levels_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the hydro reservoir filling levels with the following schema:

Hydro reservoir filling levels change in time due to inflows and outflows. Inflows occur through exogenous inflows, turbining water to the reservoir and pumping water to the reservoir. Outflows occur through exogenous outflows, turbining water to lower reservoirs and pumping water to higher reservoirs. The filling levels relate to the end time point within every hour. Through this definition the in- and outflows are taken into account in the respective interval.

Hydro flows each hour and unit

hydro_flows_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the hydro flows between reservoirs in Mio.m^3/h with the following schema:

Hydro flows occur in turbines for electricity generation and in pumps for electricity consumption. Values for hydro flows lie at zero or above.

Average cost merit order each hour and unit

merit_order_average_cost_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the average cost in EUR/MWh per running thermal power plant and hour with the following schema:

The order of thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. The average cost is defined by the average cost of a thermal power plant operating at scheduled power. For it calculation the total cost of a thermal power plant is divided by the total scheduled power. Average costs quantify the work-related cost for the generation output of the power plant for each hour including the non-linear cost of ramp-up.

Marginal cost merit order each hour and unit

merit_order_marginal_cost_al.csv (file per bidding zone) defines the marginal cost in EUR/MWh per running thermal power plant and hour with the following schema:

The order of thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. The marginal cost is defined by the marginal cost of a thermal power plant operating at scheduled power. For it calculation the total cost function of a thermal power plant is derived at the scheduled power. Marginal costs quantify the work-related cost for an added infinitesimal generation amount of a power plant.

Unavailabilities each hour and unit

unavailability_mustruns_al.csv, unavailability_outages_al.csv and unavailability_revisions_al.csv state the non-available power resulting from must-runs, outages and revisions with the following schema:

All three unavailability types can be specified in the according input files. Additionally, drawings are done to derive outage and revision events. The files combine both unavailability input sources and state the non-available power due to one of the unavailability reasons.

Assessment of batteries

assessment_batteries.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of batteries with the following schema:

The total cost includes both, spot market charging cost and variable work cost. Spot market charging cost increase with rising positive spot prices and more charging. Variable cost rise via increasing variable cost and more dispatch. The average cost is defined by the total cost divided by the total discharging work. Operation hours cover hours where any charging or discharging occurs. Revenues can be made through discharging at positive spot prices or charging at negative spot prices. Contribution margins are defined by the difference between revenues and costs.

Assessment of DSRs

assessment_demand_side_response.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of flexible Demand-Side-Response units with the following schema:

The total cost includes both, market procurement and variable schedule cost. Procurement cost rise via positive spot price and load-increase or negative spot price and load-decrease. Variable cost rise via positive variable cost and more scheduled use. The average cost is defined by the total cost divided by the total load-adjustment (shifts or non-shifts). Operation hours cover hours where any shift or non-shift unit is used. The net load-increase and load-decrease is the sum of the net work adjustments separately for hours with net load-increase and for hours with net load-decrease. The total load-increase and load-decrease state adjustments without balancing the counteracting adjustments. Revenues occur via load-decrease at positive spot prices or load-increase at negative spot prices. Contribution margins are defined by the difference between revenues and costs.

Assessment of emission restrictions

assessment_emission_restrictions.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of emission restrictions with the following schema:

The emission price equals the dual variable of the according emission restriction. Additionally, emission oversteps (for maximum emission restrictions) and understeps (for minimum emission restrictions) are written out to specify the emission volume that exceeds a restriction. Further, the total emissions that are counted in each restriction are quantified.

Assessment of fuel restrictions

assessment_fuel_restrictions.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of fuel restrictions with the following schema:

The fuel oversteps and understeps quantify the fuel consumption exceeding the minimum and maximum of each restriction. Further, the total fuel consumption that is considered in each restriction is written out.

Assessment of grid capacities

assessment_grid_capacities.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of grid capacities with the following schema:

Binding hours are hours where the grid capacity is fully used. The average flow quantifies the time-weighted average of the exchange work at the interconnector. The utilization refers to the relative use of the maximum capacity based on the work. The shadow price is non-negative, if the grid capacity is fully in use and so binding. Criteria labelled with the keyword ´average´ state the value according to the valid time range of the respective capacity. Transport cost can occur, if the bilateral exchange has cost specified. The congestion rent is calculated based on the dual variable of the capacity constraint. The dual variable reflects the commercial flow multiplied with the spot price difference between the source and target bidding zone.

Assessment of hydro power plants

assessment_hydro_power_plants.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of hydro turbines and pumps with the following schema:

Revenues occur for positive spot prices and generation via turbines and for negative spot prices and consumption via pumps. The total cost includes both, market procurement and variable schedule cost. Procurement cost rise via positive spot price and pumping or negative spot price and turbining. Variable cost rise via positive variable cost and more scheduled use. The average cost is defined by the total cost divided by the total generation (turbine) or consumption (pump). Operation hours cover hours where non-zero work occur. Full-load hours refer to the amount of hours that are necessary to reach the total generation at maximum technical power. The utilization states the capacity factor describing full-load hours in relative terms. Generations can occur for turbines and consumptions for pumps. Reserve contributions are splitted into positive and negative reserves. Positive reserves includes provided power bands for positive aFRR and mFRR as well as the positive part of the symmetric FCR. Negative reserve includes provided power bands for negative aFRR and mFRR as well as the negative part of the symmetric FCR. Contribution margins are defined by the difference between revenues and costs.

Assessment of RES sources

assessment_renewable_energy_sources.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of feed-in based on renewable energy sources with the following schema:

The types are solar (SOL), wind onshore (WN), wind offhore (WF), run-of-river (RR), bio (BIO) and micro cogeneration (CHP) by default. The criteria cover the total feed-in and revenues.

Assessment of resource adequacies

assessment_resource_adequacy.csv defines the resource adequacy measures per bidding zone with the following schema:

Energy Not Served (ENS) quantifies the electricity demand that is not supplied in a bidding zone due to insufficient electricity generation and import resources. Loss Of Load Hours (LOLH) states the number of hours with ENS greater zero. The load not served provides the share of the price-taking load that cannot be covered. The maximum energy not served states the maximum ENS in one hour. The interval specifies in which hour the maximum energy not served can be observed.

Assessment of thermal power plants

assessment_thermal_power_plants.csv defines techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of thermal power plants with the following schema:

Revenues occur for positive spot prices and generation. The total cost comprises the variable operation and start cost for fuel procurement, fuel transport, emission allowances and additional work related cost. The average cost is defined by the total cost divided by the total generation. Operation hours cover hours where non-zero work occur. Full-load hours refer to the amount of hours that are necessary to reach the total generation at maximum technical power. The utilization states the capacity factor describing full-load hours in relative terms. Reserve contributions are splitted into positive and negative reserves. Positive reserves includes provided power bands for positive aFRR and mFRR as well as the positive part of the symmetric FCR. Negative reserve includes provided power bands for negative aFRR and mFRR as well as the negative part of the symmetric FCR. Contribution margins are defined by the difference between revenues and costs.

Assessment of work restrictions

assessment_work_restrictions.csv states techno-economic evaluation criteria for the assessment of work restrictions with the following schema:

The work over- and underconsumption quantify the work exceeding the minimum and maximum of each restriction. Further, the total work consumption that is considered in each restriction is written out.

Reserve prices each type and hour

price_fcr_symmetric.csv, price_afrr_positive.csv, price_afrr_negative.csv, price_mfrr_positive.csv and price_mfrr_negative.csv define prices for frequency reserve power provisions per bidding zone with the following schema:

The file schema equals for all frequency reserve qualities (FCR, aFRR and mFRR) and signs (symmetric, positive and negative). The prices are derived by the optimal dual variable of the frequency reserve power provisiosn equation. It does not account for reserve work (activation) by default. To include reserve work share in the price, the expected activation needs to be set in the project configuration.

Reserve provision each type and hour

reserve_provision_fcr_symmetric_al.csv, reserve_provision_afrr_negative_al.csv, reserve_provision_afrr_positive_al.csv, reserve_provision_mfrr_negative_al.csv and reserve_provision_mfrr_positive_al.csv (files per bidding zone) define the provision of frequency reserve power per bidding zone with the following schema:

The file schema equals for all frequency reserve qualities (FCR, aFRR and mFRR) and signs (symmetric, positive and negative). Frequency reserve power provisions can be at zero or above. The stated power equals the frequency reserve power contribution. This power band is overlap-free (among spot and reserves) and guarantees a possible activation based on the economic and technical restrictions of each individual unit. Such restrictions include among others fuel reservations due to fuel restrictions, water reservations of hydro reservoirs as well as must-runs, revisions and outages. A comprehensive list of the considered influence factors can be looked-up in the project configuration and its built-in documentation.

The first rows display contributions of thermal power plants. The order of the thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. Secondly, flexible hydro turbines and pumps as well as batteries are shown. Thirdly, contributions of Demand-Side-Response non-shifters are stated. Afterwards, flexible reserve exchanges, not provided reserve, reserve surplus and reserve demand are quantified. Since all demand and supply is considered the sum for each hour lies at zero. Lastly and separately, the reserve price is included.

DSR load-shifts each shift-horizon and hour

dsr_single_load_shifts.csv defines the unit commitment for single Demand-Side-Response load-shifts with the following schema:

Demand-Side-Response shifters can shift load at the maximum shift time span or below. Further, load-shifts can occur backwards and forwards. In total, load adjustmets of shifters result from the sum of single load-shifts. Possible single load-shifts and their schedules can be seen in the file. The values are positive for load-decrease and negative for load-increase according to the generator-reference-arrow system (also called active sign convention).

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_dsr_single_load_shifts).

FBMC shadow prices each CNEC and hour

fbmc_cnec_shadow_price.csv defines shadow prices of each CNEC and hour with the following schema:

The shadow price of each CNEC equals the optimal dual variable of the considered commercial exchange capacity. Shadow prices can lie above zero only if the commercial exchange capacity is limiting.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_fbmc_cnec_shadow_price).

FBMC net position each hour and zone

fbmc_net_position.csv defines the FBMC net position each bidding zone (excludes non-FBMC exchanges) with the following schema:

A positive FBMC net position implies that the considered bidding zone, with all its generators and consumers, is net exporting within the FBMC region, and vice versa.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_fbmc_net_position).

FBMC non-intuitive flow each hour and zone

fbmc_non_intuitive_exchange.csv defines the FBMC non-intuitive exchanges (excludes non-FBMC exchanges) with the following schema:

Non-intuitive exchanges are commercial flows in the reverse direction of the price incentive. A non-intuitive flow goes from a bidding zone with high spot prices to a bidding zone with low prices. The label non-intuitive indicates that this commercial exchange cannot be intuitively understood stand-alone. In the FBMC non-intuitive exchanges occur to release grid capacities elsewhere and by that to reach a higher total social welfare.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_fbmc_non_intuitive_exchange).

Hydro slack flows each unit and hour

hydro_flows_incl_overflow_outflow_inflow_de.csv defines the unit commitment for hydro slack units (overflow, outflow and inflow) with the following schema:

Hydro slack inflows, overflows and outflows can occur to make the optimization sub-problem for hydro power plants solvable. The need for slack use can occur for example, if exogenous inflows exceed the reservoir volume or reservoir minimum must-haves cannot be reached with the available degrees of freedom for inflows.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_hydro_overflows_outflows_inflows).

Average cost at maximum power merit order each hour and unit

merit_order_average_cost_at_maximum_power_de.csv defines the average cost of all thermal plants at maximum technical power with the following schema:

The order of thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. The average generation cost is defined by the average cost of a thermal power plant operating at maximum power. For it calculation the total cost of a thermal power plant at maximum power is divided by the maximum power.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_merit_order_average_cost_at_maximum_power).

Marginal cost at maximum power merit order each hour and unit

merit_order_marginal_cost_at_maximum_power_de.csv defines the marginal cost of all thermal plants at maximum technical power with the following schema:

The order of thermal power plants is based on the average generation cost at maximum power of the first hour. The marginal generation cost is defined by the marginal cost of a thermal power plant operating at maximum power. For it calculation the total cost function of a thermal power plant is derived at maximum power.

Optional: The write-out of this optional output file needs to be enabled specifically in the project configuration (configuration parameter output_file_readout_merit_order_marginal_cost_at_maximum_power).